The Occult
The word occult refers to that which is not visible or is hidden. And the expression “occult practices” is used in a very broad sense to cover techniques including magic, divination, astrology, mediumship, tarot, telepathy, alchemy, aura reading and many others. Occultism means “dealing with phenomena, processes, and/or powers which are not accessible to normal perception” (C Scharfetter, 1998).
In many of the scholarly works, hiddenness is what essentially characterizes the occult. According to Owen, the word occult represents a wide range of activities including astrology, divination, tarot reading, black magic, all of which is activity beyond the immediate senses. And the unravelling or making manifest of the unseen is what occult practices are about (Alex Owen). In the Encyclopedia of Occultism, the occult includes realities specifically hidden from common sight or invisible to the physical eye, seen by an inner spiritual vision and/or grasped by psychic intuition (Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Vol I 2001).
Historical accounts on occultism shed light on how occult practices were discredited for being unscientific, beyond investigation and associated with demonic forces. Today, occultism has close association with other formal fields of study. The occult phenomena is widely discussed under diverse themes including occult and the sciences, astrology and occult, occult and cultures, occult and physics, occultism in modern world, occultism and human consciousness.
In terms investigating and studying the occult, the field of “parapsychology deals with occult phenomena, whereas scientific parapsychology with their empirical investigation” (C Scharfetter, 1998). In addition, transpersonal psychology is concerned with the study and understanding of what are labelled as altered states of consciousness also called mystical or exalted states or the non-ordinary experiences. The expression altered states of consciousness is used to cover a wide range of occult experiences including revelations, out of body experiences, meditative states, past life recalls etc. Transpersonal psychology in particular offers a spiritual outlook to the occult phenomena. Quoting from the Wiley Blackwell Handbook on Transpersonal Psychology, “…spiritual, mystical, transcendent experiences are not delusional distortions, but can be understood as perceptions and experiences associated with a self that seems expanded beyond its conventional limits…”
The occult phenomena also finds a mention in the new perspectives on mental health, wellbeing and healing. In this regard, occult experiences (also called mystical experiences) are found to be associated with personal growth and new or transformed conceptions of the self and the world (Harried and Luke) . The works cited above do indicate that the literature on occultism is vast and still growing. The new perspectives on occultism do establish its relevance to the understanding of the human mind, cultures of the world and modern belief systems.
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REFERENCES
Brian Vickers (eds.), Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance, 1984.
Tatiana Kontou and Sarah Willburn (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to the Nineteenth Century Spiritualism and the Occult, 2016.
Keith Hutchison, 1982; Viola Sachs, 1984.
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Vol I, Gale Grp, 2001.
Egil Asprem, THE SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH, 2014. The Occult World.indb
Ann Taves, A TALE OF TWO CONGRESSES: The psychological study of psychical, occult, and religious phenomena 1900-1909, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 50/4, 2014.
Carlos Alvarado, G. Stanley Hall on Mystic or Borderline Phenomena, Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 28, No. 1, 2014.